Unix shutdown/restart command (AIX,HP-UX,Linux,Sun)

Unix shutdown/restart command (AIX,HP-UX,Linux,Sun)

--AIX--

Shutdown

shutdown        ( 60 sec)

shutdown now (shutdown  60 sec)

shutdown -F     (force shutdown)

Reboot

shutdonw -r     (reboot and flush cache to disk)

shutdonw -Fr     (force reboot)

reboot         (Not flush cache to disk)

--HP--

Shutdown

shutdown -hy 0 (Force shutdown  0 sec)

init 0

Reboot

shutdown -ry 0 (Force restart  0 sec)

reboot

--Linux--

Shutdown

shutdown -h now (Force shutdown  0 sec)

init 0

halt

poweroff

Reboot

shutdown -r now (Force restart  0 sec)

reboot

init 6

--Sun--

Shutdown

shutdown -i5 -y -g0

sync;sync;init 5

poweroff

Reboot

shutdown -i6 -y -g0

sync;sync;init 6

reboot

SAP DB2 9.5 to 9.7 Upgrade Step by Step process

SAP DB2 9.5 to 9.7 Upgrade Step by Step process

Pre-installation

Shut down main SAP instance and all application servers.

Verify no sap or db2 processes running on any servers.

Stop SAp as follows

Cd /sapmnt/<SID>/exe i.e. Cd /sapmnt/DC2/exe

./saposcol –k

Stop DB2 fault monitor

Cd /db2/<db2SID>/db2_software/bin

./db2fmcu –d

·         Close all AIX session, only keep one session that you are working on.

·         Check if the software is mounted in /sapcds  or /sapcds2, if software is sapcds2 then please use sapcds2 where ever sapcds is used in the document.

·         If the software is not mounted then do the following

As Root

mount atb-sys-nimaix61:/export/sapcds /sapcds

Prepare environment

As root

mkdir /tmp/db297update

mkdir /tmp/db297update/pre_cfg_backup

mkdir /tmp/db297update/post_cfg_backup

chmod 777 /tmp/db297update

chmod 777 /tmp/db297update/pre_cfg_backup

chmod 777 /tmp/db297update/post_cfg_backup

su - db2<sid> -c db2start

su - db2<sid> -c /sapcds/DB2_LUW_9.7_FP3SAP_RDBMS_AIX_HP_SOL/AIX_64/ESE/disk1/db2ckupgrade -e -l /tmp/db297update/chkupgrade.txt

Test elapsed time was 15 minutes.

Check the log file for type one indexes or other issues.  If any issues - ABORT ABORT ABORT!

If there is not 5GB space in the /db2/db2<sid> then increase the space as follows:

chfs -a size=5G /db2/db2<sid>

cd /tmp/db297update

cp /sapcds/DB2_LUW_9.7_FP3SAP_RDBMS_AIX_HP_SOL/AIX_64/ESE/unix_ese.rsp .

chmod 777 unix_ese.rsp

vi unix_ese.rsp

Replace @DB2SOFTWAREPATH@ with /db2/db2<sid>/db2_software97

Replace @INSTALL_TSAMP@ with NO

Backup database configuration and database

As db2<sid>  

i.e su – db2dc2

cd /tmp/db297update/pre_cfg_backup

env > env_before_mig.txt

db2set -all > reg_before_mig.txt

db2 get dbm cfg > dbm_before_mig.txt

db2 get db cfg for <SID> > db_before_mig.txt

i.e. db2 get db cfg for dc2 > db_before_mig.txt

Perform a db2 offline backup before starting the upgrade:

db2 backup db <SID> use tsm compress

Main db2 upgrade

As root

/sapcds/DB2_LUW_9.7_FP3SAP_RDBMS_AIX_HP_SOL/AIX_64/ESE/disk1/db2setup -r /tmp/db297update/unix_ese.rsp -l /tmp/db297update/db2setup.log

…

/bin/lslpp: 0504-132  Fileset bos.iocp.rte not installed.

WARNING:

   Unable to find AIX IOCP package on the system.

   If you installing DB2 Server package, AIX IOCP package is required.

  Please refer to DB2 Information Center on how to install and configure IOCP.

DBI1191I  db2setup is installing and configuring DB2 according to the

      response file provided. Please wait.

A minor error occurred while installing "DB2 Enterprise Server Edition " on

this computer. Some features may not function correctly.

For more information see the DB2 installation log at

"/tmp/db297update/db2setup.log".

If the error is regarding IOCP, disregard and continue.  Otherwise, troubleshoot the error.

Update Client

On each application server perform the following steps as root.

su - <sid>adm -c /sapcds/51040241/CLIENT/db6_update_client.sh -u

*********************************************************

* this is db6_update_client.sh script version 0006       * *********************************************************

…

done

Upgrade the db2 instance

su - db2<sid> -c db2stop

Confirm that db2 is stopped.

/db2/db2<sid>/db2_software97/instance/db2iupgrade -u db2<sid> db2<sid>

Any error messages encountered during earlier upgrade check that weren’t resolved will be reported again here.

DBI1070I  Program db2iupgrade completed successfully.

In test took 5 minutes

/db2/db2<sid>/db2_software97/instance/dasmigr

DBI1074E  Administration server does not exist.

Explanation:

An attempt was made to update or upgrade an administration server. An

administration server does not exist.

User response:

Create an administration server using the dascrt command.

This is expected.  No response reqired.

Upgrade database and Registry parameters

As db2<sid>

db2start

db2 upgrade db <SID> i.e. db2 upgrade db dc2

This step took 20 minutes in the test

cp /sapcds/DB2_LUW_9.7_FP3SAP_RDBMS_AIX_HP_SOL/AIX_64/db6_update_db.sh /tmp/db297update/db6_update_db.sh

cd /tmp/db297update/

Generate update script

./db6_update_db.sh -m -d <SID>

**************************************************

* db6_update_db.sh script version 0014           *

**************************************************

…

The script db6_update_db_out.sh was created. Please verify the generated script

Then run it in the following way:  db6_update_db_out.sh > db6_update_db_out.sh.log.

Finally check the logfile db6_update_db_out.sh.log for errors !!!

Verify that generated script is acceptable

more db6_update_db_out.sh

Run update script

./db6_update_db_out.sh > db6_update_db_out.sh.log

Check log file for errors

more db6_update_db_out.sh.log

Set updated logging parameters

db2 update db cfg for <SID> using LOGPRIMARY 60

db2 update db cfg for <SID> using LOGSECOND 0

db2stop

Confirm db2 is down

Backup database configuration and database

As db2<sid>

db2start

db2 connect to <SID>

cd /tmp/db297update/post_cfg_backup

env > env_after_mig.txt

db2set -all > reg_after_mig.txt

db2 get dbm cfg > dbm_after_mig.txt

db2 get db cfg for <SID> > db_after_mig.txt

db2 backup db <SID> use tsm compress

Post install (abap only - incomplete)

Import transport D3DK000059

rename and then move all tablespaces

Post install

As db2<sid>

db2licm -a /sapcds/db297lic/db2ese_c.lic

Restart database and verify no errors.
Restart SAP and verify no errors.

What is SAProuter? How to Check SAP Router?

What is SAProuter?

SAProuter is an SAP program that acts as an intermediate station (proxy) in a network connection between SAP Systems, or between SAP Systems and external networks. SAProuter controls the access to your network (application level gateway), and, as such, is a useful enhancement to an existing firewall system (port filter).

Before using SAProuter, you should test whether there are any network problems.

You require the programs saprouter and niping as well as three open windows (shells) on one or more hosts.

UNIX/NT

	Window 2 (host2)	Window 1 (host1)	Window 3 (host3)
Without SAProuter	niping -s		niping -c -H host2
With SAProuter	niping -s	saprouter -r	niping -c -H /H/host1/H/host2

Steps to test SAP Router

       1.      Start SAProuter in window 1 (on host1). To do this, enter the following command:

UNIX/Windows: saprouter -r
( iSeries: saprouter '-r')

This command calls SAProuter without any parameters.

For a complete list of the SAProuter commands, refer to the chapter SAProuter Options  or the online help. To call the online help, enter saprouter.

       2.      In window 2 (host2), start the test program niping to emulate a test server. Enter the following command:

UNIX/ Windows: niping -s

 iSeries: call niping '-s'

For a complete list of the niping commands, refer to the online help. To call the online help, enter niping.

       3.      In window 3 (host3), start the test program niping to emulate a client. Enter the following command:

UNIX/ Windows: niping -c -H host2

 iSeries: call niping '-c' '-H' 'host2'

This command tests the connection without SAProuter, that is directly between host2 and host3.

       4.      In window 3, start the test program niping again with the following command:

UNIX/ Windows: niping -c -H /H/host1/H/host2

 iSeries: call niping '-c' '-H' '/H/host1/H/host2'

This command tests the connection with SAProuter. A host name is interpreted as a route (over one or more SAProuters to the server) if /H/ is added as a prefix to the host name (see Route Strings ).

In steps 3 and 4, data packages are sent to the server, and the server sends the data packages back. In step 3, the data packages should be sent to the server more frequently, since more process changes take place.

To perform a self test for the local host:

Enter the command niping -t (iSeries: call niping '-t').

SAP Version history or SAP Basis Version History List

What is SAP R/2 ?

SAP R/2 is a real-time enterprise resource planning (ERP) software produced by SAP.
SAP R/2 followed the company's first product, a materials management module called RM/1.

What was unique about R/2 was that it was a packaged software application that processed real-time on a mainframe computer taking advantage of Time Sharing Option and integrated all of an enterprise's functions, such as accounting, manufacturing processes, supply chain logistics and human resources.

Mainframes (often colloquially referred to as "big iron") are powerful computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing.

The term originally referred to the large cabinets that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers. Later the term was used to distinguish high-end commercial machines from less powerful units.

Most large-scale computer system architectures were firmly established in the 1960s and most large computers were based on architecture established during that era up until the advent of Web servers in the 1990s. (The first Web server running anywhere outside Switzerland ran on an IBM mainframe at Stanford University as early as 1991. See History of the World Wide Web for details.)

There were several minicomputer operating systems and architectures that arose in the 1970s and 1980s, but minicomputers are generally not considered mainframes. (UNIX arose as a minicomputer operating system; Unix has scaled up over the years to acquire some mainframe characteristics[citation needed].)

Many defining characteristics of "mainframe" were established in the 1960s, but those characteristics continue to expand and evolve to the present day.

SAP R/3 is the former name of the main enterprise resource planning software produced by SAP AG. It is an enterprise-wide information system designed to coordinate all the resources, information, and activities needed to complete business processes such as order fulfillment or billing.

History of SAP R/3

The first version of SAP's flagship enterprise software was a financial Accounting system named R/1 called as YSR. This was replaced by R/2 at the end of the 1970s. SAP R/2 was in a mainframe based business application software suite that was very successful in the 1980s and early 1990s.

It was particularly popular with large multinational European companies who required soft-real-time business applications, with multi-currency and multi-language capabilities built in. With the advent of distributed client–server computing SAP AG brought out a client–server version of the software called SAP R/3 (The "R" was for "Real-time data processing" and 3 was for 3-tier).

This new architecture is compatible with multiple platforms and operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows or UNIX. This opened up SAP to a whole new customer base.

SAP R/3 was officially launched on 6 July 1992. It was renamed SAP ERP and later again renamed ECC (ERP Central Component). SAP came to dominate the large business applications market over the next 10 years. SAP ECC 5.0 ERP is the successor of SAP R/3 4.70. The newest version of the suite is SAP ERP 6.0 – the path to SAP Business Suite 7.

SAP Release Versions

•    SAP R/3 Release 1.0A Release Date 6 July 1992
•    SAP R/3 Release 2.0 / 2.1 Released 1993
•    SAP R/3 Release 3.0 / 3.1 Released 1995
•    SAP R/3 Release 4.0B Release Date June 1998
•    SAP R/3 Release 4.5B Release Date March 1999
•    SAP R/3 Release 4.6A Release Date 1999
•    SAP R/3 Release 4.6B Release Date Dec 1999
•    SAP R/3 Release 4.6C Release Date April 2001
•    SAP R/3 Enterprise Release 4.70 Release Date March- Dec 2003

•    SAP R/3 Enterprise Edition 4.7
•    SAP R/3 Enterprise Central Component 5.0
•    SAP R/3 Enterprise Central Component 6.0

SAP Basis Certification Questions and Answers Part 1

1.What are the inputs in the dialog instance installation?
2.What tool is used to add an additional java instance to an existing webas java system?
3.What tool is used to add an server process to an java cluster?

There are nearly 5 questions on JAVA software logistics.. mainly the questions are pointing to the concept 'track', and also the role of components CBS,DTR,CMS in DEV,CONS,TEST, PROD java landscape system

Also what does SLD contain and what service it can provide in case java software logistics.

4. If the instance number of java instance is '02' , what is the telnet port?
   5<instance number>008
   502008
5. What parameter is used to activate ITS?
   itsp/enable = 1
6. What is the service name of ITS in SICF tree?
   webgui
7. A question on GRMG, the question itslef gives the abbrevation of GRMG and asks us about the valid statements for GRMG from the given list of choices

Better to have a idea on the features of GRMG

8.A question about DSR

9.A question on ITS 6.20

10.A question on ICM, with screen shot of URL prefix table and some parameters

11. Choose the valid statements for use of jcmon tool
    Displays a local and cluster adminstration menu's

12. A question on upgrade , asking to choose valid statements about upgrade
   
    a. support packages can be incuded in upgrade , instead of applying after upgrade
    b. PREPARE,R3UP,ICNV are some upgrade tools
    c. SAP R/3 4.6 can be upgraded technically to SAP R/3 Enterprise in one step
    d. SAP R/3 4.6c can be upgraded technically to SAP ECC 5 in one step  
   
13. What are software components installed with ECC 5?
14. A question asking to choose the correct statement for the displayed screenshot sorted by     BUFFER GETS

    The options are actually all used in analyzing a expensive statements
    So out of these choose the correct one which relates to the figure

15. If in landscape with development as DEV and quality as QAS , what are the two files which contain the TMS information
    TP_DOMAIN_DEV.PFL
    DOMAIN.CFG
    tp_domain.ini
    xyz
16. What are the ways through which transport routes can be configured?
    hierarchial text editor
    graphical editor
    se01
    xyz
17. All customizing need customizing change request T/F
18. What are the components of sap repository
19. A question of ESA and webservice
    Just remember the below points about ESA & webservice
   
     A collection of webservice can be a enterprise service architecture
     There is no dedicated database allocated to enterprise webservices
     They are distributed in nature
     They can be used for complex cross-system business scenarios

20. What is used is to release a workbench request
    development workbench
    transport organizer
    CTS organizer
    CTO organizer
    ...
31. Name the correct Netweaver components listed below
    People Integration
    Application platform
    x
    y
    z
32. A multiple T/F choice question on modification
    Every developer needs to be registered in sap market place T/F
    Requires a access key for sap object modification T/F
    ....
33.

SAP Basis Interview Part 1

1.      5% buffer gets (ST04)

2.      What information can be obtained in SM50 and ST04 i.e. there was a question based on information in these two for workload

3.      contents of saptrace and sapbackup

4.      If you click on yellow icon in PFCG what will be the result

a.       It will give full autho to all open fields under that node

5.      PFCG/SU01 and user mass comparison

a.       It is necessary to do user comparison, as users will be assigned the profiles created, for a role in PFCG after user comparison

6.      TIME_OUT dump how it can be resolved

a.       This dump was caused as rdisp/max_wprun_time was over this happens only for dialog WP not for any other kind of WP

7.      Which tool for changing JVM parameters

8.      ICM scalability

a.       Add more app server with ICM enabled

9.      Parameters to enable integrated ITS

10.  Components for Integration Layer in Netweaver (PIPA)

11.  What are the various actions that can be performed with brspace

12.  Question of Dictionary managed and locally managed tablespace conversion

13.  Complete recovery scenario

14.  whether CBS is required to be installed on PRD in java landscape

15.  Name server is it compulsory in java Application

16.  Offline backup contents

17.  Online backup contents

18.  Physical and logical check for backup

SAP Basis Interview Questions

1)      Different types of RFC:

a)      Synchronous RFC

b)     Transaction and Asynchronous RFC

c)      Queued RFC

d)     Fast RFC

e)      Real Fast RFC

2)      What security types and methods can you use along with WEB AS 6.20

a)      Store and Secure Forward (SSF)

b)      Secure Network connection (SNC)

c)      Secure ABAP protocol (SAP)

d)     Secure JAVA protocol (SJP)

e)      Secure socket Layer ( SSL)

3)      Archiving, physical path, logical path, and start time of archiving will be given. A screen dump will show the parameters. Need to identify the output archive file – global that will be generated

-          Had a screen shot. In that physical path was shown. Like: Global..<PARAM _3> ……

-          And based on the details given you have to identify the correct file name.

-          In options I had four diff. file names. Out of which 2 you can simply take out as it were not as per the path specified in the screen shot. I think the key word here missing in these 2 options was GLOBAL.

-          Out of the remaining two, you could easily find out the name as it was as per the screen shot and was indicating GLOBAL word in it.

4)      Total number of clients supported per SAP system

a)      Starting from 000 and going up to 999 ( i.e. 1000 in total)

b)      994

c)      998

d)     003

5)      How does SAP system pick up system time

a)      BASIS administrator needs to set up system time

b)     It picks up the time from Database Instance

c)      It picks up the time from Central Instance

d)      

6)      In case of MCOD, State whether the following statements are True / False

I had some different options than following one we all know.

a)      Work process connect to Database using the one and same DB user

b)      Migration from Non-Unicode to Unicode is possible

c)      Unicode and Non-Unicode systems exists in the same database

New options I had:

            You can convert from MCOD to non-MCOD - F

            You can convert from non-uni code from MCOD -F

7)      Which statements regarding Upgrade are true

a)      Installing the new kernel is part of upgrade – F: as it is Kernel update and not upgrade

b)      Including the patches is part of the upgrade - T

c)      Any modifications done, needs to be taken care of - T

d)     You can ignore errors from previous upgrade attempts.- F

e)      Modifications done, will increase upgrade work during next upgrade –T

8)      From Transaction SM50 , you can find details about:

a)      Transactions that are causing maximum load

b)      User who is generating maximum load

c)      Table name, a particular transaction is using

d)     SQL statement , that is creating the load

10)              Which of the following statements are correct in regard to upgrades?

a)      Objects in the customer namespace are not overwritten

b)      All customer modifications to ABAP Dictionary object are lost

11)              Which of the following statements are correct in regard to the SAP Patch Manager?

a)      The SAP Patch Manager ensures that Support Packages are applied in the correct sequence - True

b)      The SAP Patch Manager does not check whether the type of Support Package you wish to apply is appropriate for your R/3 installation. It is up to you to decide whether, for example, you require a Conflict Resolution Transport. - False

c)      The SAP Patch Manager does not offer you the chance to protect SAP objects that you have modified. These objects are automatically overwritten. - False

d)     The SAP Patch Manager automatically prompts you to call the modification adjustment Transactions SPDD or SPAU if necessary - True

12) Which of the following statements are correct in regard to Support Packages?

a)      Support Packages change the SAP standard of your R/3 System in advance of the next R/3 Release upgrade- True

b)      You can apply all types of Support Packages to all R/3 installations, regardless of the components used in the installation - False

c)      Support Packages are available only to customers who are participants in the First Customer Shipment (FCS) program - False

d)     Different types of Support Packages may be required for R/3 Installations with different components - True

What is a SAP System Copy? Homogeneous System Copy and Heterogeneous System Copy or Database Copy

What is a SAP System Copy

Duplication of an SAP system. Certain SAP parameters might change in a copy. When you perform a system copy, SAPinst installs all the instances again, but it uses a copy of the source system database to set up the database.

Source System and Target System

The SAP system containing the original database is called the source system and the system to which the database copy is to be imported is called the target system. Their SAP system names are abbreviated to SOURCE_SAPSID and TARGET_SAPSID . 

The terms source database and target database are also used in this description.

Homogeneous System Copy
During the system copy you use the same operating system and database platform as the original system.

Heterogeneous System Copy
During the system copy, you change either the operating system or the database system, or both. Heterogeneous system copy is a synonym for migration.

Database Copy
Database-dependent part of the system copy.

Step by Step Procedure for Kernel Upgrade

Step by Step Procedure for Kernel Upgrade

Download Latest SAP kernel From Service Market Place:

1. Copy the patch into a temporary directory on your system.
2. Unpack the patch using SAPCAR.
3. Stop the SAP System. (With NT you may also have to stop the SAP services using the Control Panel).
4. Save the kernel directory by backup or by copying into a separate backup directory.UNIX: /usr/sap//sys/exe/run NT: :\usr\sap\\sys\exe\run If you use a 4.6D-based SAP system (64-bit, non-Unicode) or a SAP system 6.20 or higher (32-bit or 64-bit, Unicode or non-Unicode), there are also the following kernel directories: 

NT: :\usr\sapsys\exe\nuc\ (Non-Unicode)NT: :\usr\sapsys\exe\uc\ (Unicode)

5. This way, you will always have the option to return to the old kernelversion if problems occur with the new patch.
6. Copy or move the unpacked programs into the SAP kernel directory.

For Complete Info Follow SAP NOTE 19466

Kernel Upgrade on Unix Systems:

A lot of people have questions ? answer are even available... but still... even experienced basis admin having trouble now with Kernel Upgrade Here I am Sharing My Experience To Upgarde Kernel On Unix!

1) stopsap
2) clean shared memory
3) saposcol -k
4) ps -ef grep sapstartsrv
5) kill
6) cleanipc
7) lsnrctl stop
8) backup your kernel
9) cd /sapmnt/
10) cp -pr exe exe.001
11) extract new kernel
12) cd exe
13) SAPCAR -xvf
14) Start saposcol
15) startlistener
16) startsap